SMART CUT®
Water Soluble Coolant

SMART CUT® water soluble coolant is specifically designed to be used at a number of different concentrations. Each material and application will have an ideal concentration. The concentration will affect sump life, tool life, and surface finish. Here are some examples of different applications and their corresponding concentrations. Maintaining proper concentration is essential to obtain optimum results, specially in production setting. Based on our experience, close to 80% of the coolant issues reported by clients are directly or indirectly attributable to poor concentration control. Concentration control is difficult to achieve when the coolant is manually mixed in small batches and is virtually impossible to maintain when untrained operators mix coolant. The Systems Equipment Division carries a complete line of automatic proportioning equipment to maintain accurate coolant concentration control. (Fluid Mixers)

When water miscible coolants are used in machining and grinding operations the volume of fluid in the coolant sump decreases due to the physical loss of the fluid (fluid is carried off on chips and parts) and water evaporates because it absorbs heat generated in the machining or grinding operation. Proper operation requires that the fluid level is maintained at some minimum level and so “makeup fluid” must be added to replenish coolant carried out on chips and parts. Since the loss of water by evaporation causes the fluid in the sump to increase in concentration the “makeup fluid” will always be mixed at the same concentration less that of the recommended operating concentration. For example, if an emulsion coolant is to be run at 5% volume to water then the “makeup” concentration for that fluid will generally be 2.5-3.0%. Check your product data and information sheets for recommended working and “makeup” concentrations.

The refractometer factor is used in determining concentration of a metalworking fluid. Each Master Chemical product has a refractive index factor for determining concentration. Consult the Data and Information Sheet for product specific refractive index factors. Multiply the refractive index (refractometer reading) by the refractometer factor and the result is the concentration of the working solution in percent. (The factor for most emulsion fluids is 1.0 so that the refractive index is the fluid concentration.)

An unpleasant coolant smell is most likely attributed to anaerobic bacteria. Bacteria produce waste products, which often contain sulfur and exude the “rotten-egg” smell. Bacteria are major contributors to coolant failure. They chemically alter coolants and destroy the lubricants and corrosion inhibitors in the process. They also pass off corrosive acids and salts into the coolant, which can lead to low pH and corrosion problems. The bacterial growth can be minimized by:

1. Maintaining proper coolant concentration.
2. Good housekeeping practices (cleanliness).
3. Preventing or minimizing contamination.
4. Good filtration of the coolant and continuously removing chips.
5. Thorough, periodic sump clean-outs.

Oftentimes, “cover-ups” which are perfumes, can be used to mask odors but they are not a cure and their use can lead to more serious fluid problems later.

Most coolants exhibit colors and odors that result from the chemicals from which they are blended. But sometimes metal cutting fluid manufacturers use dyes and colorants to give them an aesthetic appeal. They are also helpful in identification of products for companies which use a number of different products. Machine operators sometimes use color intensity as an indication of coolant concentration. Color intensity is not a good indicator of concentration as tramp oil can absorb the dyes used, and some work materials (such as cast iron) can “mask” the dye. Even with dyed coolants it is necessary to check fluid concentration properly periodically.

Residue is the material left behind on the machine and workpieces after the water evaporates from the coolant solution. Residues should never interfere with the smooth and proper machine tool function but more importantly the residue should enhance the machine’s operation. Residues may be classified as:

1. Fluid
2. Soft
3. Hard
4. Gummy
5. Crystalline

For optimum machine tool functioning, oily, non-gummy residues are preferable. If a residue is hard, gummy or crystalline, it can cause a machine’s moving parts to “stick” or “freeze” and may cause a machine malfunction. A moderate crystalline film may be tolerated on certain types of surface grinders but such a residue could cause a major problem on a 5-axis machining center. In other words, the type of machine must be considered when selecting a fluid because the type of residue may dramatically affect the machine function.

Mixing is crucial to maintaining stability in cutting and grinding fluids. Proper mixing instructions are available on all Master Chemical Data and Information Sheets. For optimum performance and maximum life, coolant concentrates should be mixed with chemically pure water produced by deionization or reverse osmosis. It is a general rule that concentrates should be added to the water last and mixed thoroughly. One way to remember the proper sequence of addition is to remember “O.I.L.”, meaning “oil in last”. Special mixing devices and proportioners like the UNIMIX™ and Master Mix™, which automate the mixing process and minimize the waste of concentrate, are available from Master Chemical. (Fluid Mixers)